fix(crons): dispatch due schedules across chunks

Interleave due backups and tasks so one schedule type cannot starve the
other, and defer task job context loading until execution.

app/Jobs/ScheduledJobManager.php

@@ -6,14 +6,15 @@
 use App\Models\ScheduledTask;
 use App\Models\Server;
 use App\Models\Team;
+use Cron\CronExpression;
 use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
 use Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue;
 use Illuminate\Queue\Middleware\WithoutOverlapping;
 use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
 use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
-use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redis;
@@ -22,6 +23,8 @@ class ScheduledJobManager implements ShouldQueue
 {
     use Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;
 
+    private const CHUNK_SIZE = 100;
+
     /**
      * The time when this job execution started.
      * Used to ensure all scheduled items are evaluated against the same point in time.
@@ -96,21 +99,11 @@ public function handle(): void
             'execution_time' => $this->executionTime->toIso8601String(),
         ]);
 
-        // Process backups - don't let failures stop task processing
+        // Process scheduled backups and tasks together so neither type starves the other.
         try {
-            $this->processScheduledBackups();
+            $this->processScheduledBackupsAndTasks();
         } catch (\Exception $e) {
-            Log::channel('scheduled-errors')->error('Failed to process scheduled backups', [
+            Log::channel('scheduled-errors')->error('Failed to process scheduled backups and tasks', [
-                'error' => $e->getMessage(),
-                'trace' => $e->getTraceAsString(),
-            ]);
-        }
-
-        // Process tasks - don't let failures stop the job manager
-        try {
-            $this->processScheduledTasks();
-        } catch (\Exception $e) {
-            Log::channel('scheduled-errors')->error('Failed to process scheduled tasks', [
                 'error' => $e->getMessage(),
                 'trace' => $e->getTraceAsString(),
             ]);
@@ -141,40 +134,155 @@ public function handle(): void
         }
     }
 
-    private function processScheduledBackups(): void
+    private function processScheduledBackupsAndTasks(): void
     {
-        $backups = ScheduledDatabaseBackup::with(['database'])
+        $lastBackupId = 0;
+        $lastTaskId = 0;
+
+        do {
+            $backups = $this->scheduledBackupQuery($lastBackupId)->get();
+            $tasks = $this->scheduledTaskQuery($lastTaskId)->get();
+
+            if ($backups->isNotEmpty()) {
+                $lastBackupId = $backups->last()->id;
+            }
+
+            if ($tasks->isNotEmpty()) {
+                $lastTaskId = $tasks->last()->id;
+            }
+
+            $this->processInterleavedDueSchedules(
+                $this->dueScheduledBackups($backups),
+                $this->dueScheduledTasks($tasks),
+            );
+        } while ($backups->isNotEmpty() || $tasks->isNotEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<int, array{backup: ScheduledDatabaseBackup, server: Server}>  $dueBackups
+     * @param  array<int, array{task: ScheduledTask, server: Server}>  $dueTasks
+     */
+    private function processInterleavedDueSchedules(array $dueBackups, array $dueTasks): void
+    {
+        $maxCount = max(count($dueBackups), count($dueTasks));
+
+        for ($index = 0; $index < $maxCount; $index++) {
+            if (isset($dueBackups[$index])) {
+                $this->processScheduledBackup($dueBackups[$index]['backup'], $dueBackups[$index]['server']);
+            }
+
+            if (isset($dueTasks[$index])) {
+                $this->processScheduledTask($dueTasks[$index]['task'], $dueTasks[$index]['server']);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function scheduledBackupQuery(int $lastBackupId): Builder
+    {
+        return ScheduledDatabaseBackup::with(['database', 'team.subscription'])
             ->where('enabled', true)
-            ->get();
+            ->where('id', '>', $lastBackupId)
+            ->orderBy('id')
+            ->limit(self::CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    private function scheduledTaskQuery(int $lastTaskId): Builder
+    {
+        return ScheduledTask::with([
+            'service.destination.server.settings',
+            'service.destination.server.team.subscription',
+            'application.destination.server.settings',
+            'application.destination.server.team.subscription',
+        ])
+            ->where('enabled', true)
+            ->where('id', '>', $lastTaskId)
+            ->orderBy('id')
+            ->limit(self::CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  iterable<ScheduledDatabaseBackup>  $backups
+     * @return array<int, array{backup: ScheduledDatabaseBackup, server: Server}>
+     */
+    private function dueScheduledBackups(iterable $backups): array
+    {
+        $dueBackups = [];
 
         foreach ($backups as $backup) {
             try {
                 $server = $backup->server();
-                $skipReason = $this->getBackupSkipReason($backup, $server);
+
-                if ($skipReason !== null) {
+                if (blank(data_get($backup, 'database')) || blank($server)) {
-                    $this->skippedCount++;
+                    $this->processScheduledBackup($backup, $server);
-                    $this->logSkip('backup', $skipReason, [
-                        'backup_id' => $backup->id,
-                        'database_id' => $backup->database_id,
-                        'database_type' => $backup->database_type,
-                        'team_id' => $backup->team_id ?? null,
-                    ]);
 
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                $serverTimezone = data_get($server->settings, 'server_timezone', config('app.timezone'));
+                if ($this->isDueCandidateBeforeExpensiveChecks($backup->frequency, $server, "scheduled-backup:{$backup->id}")) {
-
+                    $dueBackups[] = [
-                if (validate_timezone($serverTimezone) === false) {
+                        'backup' => $backup,
-                    $serverTimezone = config('app.timezone');
+                        'server' => $server,
+                    ];
+                }
+            } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                Log::channel('scheduled-errors')->error('Error prechecking backup', [
+                    'backup_id' => $backup->id,
+                    'error' => $e->getMessage(),
+                ]);
+            }
         }
 
-                $frequency = $backup->frequency;
+        return $dueBackups;
-                if (isset(VALID_CRON_STRINGS[$frequency])) {
-                    $frequency = VALID_CRON_STRINGS[$frequency];
     }
 
-                if (shouldRunCronNow($frequency, $serverTimezone, "scheduled-backup:{$backup->id}", $this->executionTime)) {
+    /**
+     * @param  iterable<ScheduledTask>  $tasks
+     * @return array<int, array{task: ScheduledTask, server: Server}>
+     */
+    private function dueScheduledTasks(iterable $tasks): array
+    {
+        $dueTasks = [];
+
+        foreach ($tasks as $task) {
+            try {
+                $server = $task->server();
+
+                if (blank($server) || (! $task->service && ! $task->application)) {
+                    $this->processScheduledTask($task, $server);
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if ($this->isDueCandidateBeforeExpensiveChecks($task->frequency, $server, "scheduled-task:{$task->id}")) {
+                    $dueTasks[] = [
+                        'task' => $task,
+                        'server' => $server,
+                    ];
+                }
+            } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                Log::channel('scheduled-errors')->error('Error prechecking task', [
+                    'task_id' => $task->id,
+                    'error' => $e->getMessage(),
+                ]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $dueTasks;
+    }
+
+    private function processScheduledBackup(ScheduledDatabaseBackup $backup, ?Server $precheckedServer = null): void
+    {
+        try {
+            $server = $precheckedServer ?? $backup->server();
+            $skipReason = $this->getBackupSkipReason($backup, $server);
+            if ($skipReason !== null) {
+                $this->skippedCount++;
+                $this->logBackupSkip($backup, $skipReason);
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if ($this->shouldDispatch($backup->frequency, $server, "scheduled-backup:{$backup->id}")) {
                 DatabaseBackupJob::dispatch($backup);
                 $this->dispatchedCount++;
                 Log::channel('scheduled')->info('Backup dispatched', [
@@ -192,57 +300,29 @@ private function processScheduledBackups(): void
             ]);
         }
     }
-    }
 
-    private function processScheduledTasks(): void
+    private function processScheduledTask(ScheduledTask $task, ?Server $precheckedServer = null): void
     {
-        $tasks = ScheduledTask::with(['service', 'application'])
-            ->where('enabled', true)
-            ->get();
-
-        foreach ($tasks as $task) {
         try {
-                $server = $task->server();
+            $server = $precheckedServer ?? $task->server();
-
-                // Phase 1: Critical checks (always — cheap, handles orphans and infra issues)
             $criticalSkip = $this->getTaskCriticalSkipReason($task, $server);
             if ($criticalSkip !== null) {
                 $this->skippedCount++;
-                    $this->logSkip('task', $criticalSkip, [
+                $this->logTaskSkip($task, $criticalSkip, $server);
-                        'task_id' => $task->id,
-                        'task_name' => $task->name,
-                        'team_id' => $server?->team_id,
-                    ]);
 
-                    continue;
+                return;
             }
 
-                $serverTimezone = data_get($server->settings, 'server_timezone', config('app.timezone'));
+            if (! $this->shouldDispatch($task->frequency, $server, "scheduled-task:{$task->id}")) {
-
+                return;
-                if (validate_timezone($serverTimezone) === false) {
-                    $serverTimezone = config('app.timezone');
             }
 
-                $frequency = $task->frequency;
-                if (isset(VALID_CRON_STRINGS[$frequency])) {
-                    $frequency = VALID_CRON_STRINGS[$frequency];
-                }
-
-                if (! shouldRunCronNow($frequency, $serverTimezone, "scheduled-task:{$task->id}", $this->executionTime)) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                // Phase 2: Runtime checks (only when cron is due — avoids noise for stopped resources)
             $runtimeSkip = $this->getTaskRuntimeSkipReason($task);
             if ($runtimeSkip !== null) {
                 $this->skippedCount++;
-                    $this->logSkip('task', $runtimeSkip, [
+                $this->logTaskSkip($task, $runtimeSkip, $server);
-                        'task_id' => $task->id,
-                        'task_name' => $task->name,
-                        'team_id' => $server->team_id,
-                    ]);
 
-                    continue;
+                return;
             }
 
             ScheduledTaskJob::dispatch($task);
@@ -260,7 +340,6 @@ private function processScheduledTasks(): void
             ]);
         }
     }
-    }
 
     private function getBackupSkipReason(ScheduledDatabaseBackup $backup, ?Server $server): ?string
     {
@@ -327,10 +406,16 @@ private function getTaskRuntimeSkipReason(ScheduledTask $task): ?string
 
     private function processDockerCleanups(): void
     {
-        // Get all servers that need cleanup checks
+        $this->getServersForCleanupQuery()
-        $servers = $this->getServersForCleanup();
+            ->chunkById(self::CHUNK_SIZE, function ($servers): void {
-
                 foreach ($servers as $server) {
+                    $this->processDockerCleanup($server);
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    private function processDockerCleanup(Server $server): void
+    {
         try {
             $skipReason = $this->getDockerCleanupSkipReason($server);
             if ($skipReason !== null) {
@@ -341,21 +426,12 @@ private function processDockerCleanups(): void
                     'team_id' => $server->team_id,
                 ]);
 
-                    continue;
+                return;
-                }
-
-                $serverTimezone = data_get($server->settings, 'server_timezone', config('app.timezone'));
-                if (validate_timezone($serverTimezone) === false) {
-                    $serverTimezone = config('app.timezone');
             }
 
             $frequency = data_get($server->settings, 'docker_cleanup_frequency', '0 * * * *');
-                if (isset(VALID_CRON_STRINGS[$frequency])) {
-                    $frequency = VALID_CRON_STRINGS[$frequency];
-                }
 
-                // Use the frozen execution time for consistent evaluation
+            if ($this->shouldDispatch($frequency, $server, "docker-cleanup:{$server->id}")) {
-                if (shouldRunCronNow($frequency, $serverTimezone, "docker-cleanup:{$server->id}", $this->executionTime)) {
                 DockerCleanupJob::dispatch(
                     $server,
                     false,
@@ -377,21 +453,23 @@ private function processDockerCleanups(): void
             ]);
         }
     }
-    }
 
-    private function getServersForCleanup(): Collection
+    private function getServersForCleanupQuery(): Builder
     {
         $query = Server::with('settings')
             ->where('ip', '!=', '1.2.3.4');
 
         if (isCloud()) {
-            $servers = $query->whereRelation('team.subscription', 'stripe_invoice_paid', true)->get();
+            $query
-            $own = Team::find(0)->servers()->with('settings')->get();
+                ->with('team.subscription')
-
+                ->where(function (Builder $query): void {
-            return $servers->merge($own);
+                    $query
+                        ->where('team_id', 0)
+                        ->orWhereRelation('team.subscription', 'stripe_invoice_paid', true);
+                });
         }
 
-        return $query->get();
+        return $query;
     }
 
     private function getDockerCleanupSkipReason(Server $server): ?string
@@ -418,4 +496,71 @@ private function logSkip(string $type, string $reason, array $context = []): voi
             'execution_time' => $this->executionTime?->toIso8601String(),
         ], $context));
     }
+
+    private function shouldDispatch(string $frequency, Server $server, string $dedupKey): bool
+    {
+        return shouldRunCronNow(
+            $this->normalizeFrequency($frequency),
+            $this->serverTimezone($server),
+            $dedupKey,
+            $this->executionTime,
+        );
+    }
+
+    private function isDueCandidateBeforeExpensiveChecks(string $frequency, Server $server, string $dedupKey): bool
+    {
+        $cron = new CronExpression($this->normalizeFrequency($frequency));
+        $executionTime = ($this->executionTime ?? Carbon::now())->copy()->setTimezone($this->serverTimezone($server));
+        $lastDispatched = Cache::get($dedupKey);
+        $previousDue = Carbon::instance($cron->getPreviousRunDate($executionTime, allowCurrentDate: true));
+
+        if ($lastDispatched === null) {
+            $isDue = $cron->isDue($executionTime);
+
+            if (! $isDue) {
+                Cache::put($dedupKey, $previousDue->toIso8601String(), 2592000);
+            }
+
+            return $isDue;
+        }
+
+        $shouldFire = $previousDue->gt(Carbon::parse($lastDispatched));
+
+        if (! $shouldFire) {
+            Cache::put($dedupKey, $previousDue->toIso8601String(), 2592000);
+        }
+
+        return $shouldFire;
+    }
+
+    private function normalizeFrequency(string $frequency): string
+    {
+        return VALID_CRON_STRINGS[$frequency] ?? $frequency;
+    }
+
+    private function serverTimezone(Server $server): string
+    {
+        $timezone = data_get($server->settings, 'server_timezone', config('app.timezone'));
+
+        return validate_timezone($timezone) ? $timezone : config('app.timezone');
+    }
+
+    private function logBackupSkip(ScheduledDatabaseBackup $backup, string $reason): void
+    {
+        $this->logSkip('backup', $reason, [
+            'backup_id' => $backup->id,
+            'database_id' => $backup->database_id,
+            'database_type' => $backup->database_type,
+            'team_id' => $backup->team_id ?? null,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function logTaskSkip(ScheduledTask $task, string $reason, ?Server $server): void
+    {
+        $this->logSkip('task', $reason, [
+            'task_id' => $task->id,
+            'task_name' => $task->name,
+            'team_id' => $server?->team_id,
+        ]);
+    }
 }

app/Jobs/ScheduledTaskJob.php

@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ class ScheduledTaskJob implements ShouldBeEncrypted, ShouldQueue
      */
     public $timeout = 300;
 
-    public Team $team;
+    public ?Team $team = null;
 
     public ?Server $server = null;
 
     public ScheduledTask $task;
 
-    public Application|Service $resource;
+    public Application|Service|null $resource = null;
 
     public ?ScheduledTaskExecution $task_log = null;
 
@@ -61,25 +61,34 @@ class ScheduledTaskJob implements ShouldBeEncrypted, ShouldQueue
 
     public array $containers = [];
 
-    public string $server_timezone;
+    public string $server_timezone = 'UTC';
 
     public function __construct(ScheduledTask $task)
     {
         $this->onQueue(crons_queue());
 
         $this->task = $task;
-        if ($service = $task->service()->first()) {
+        $this->timeout = $this->task->timeout ?? 300;
-            $this->resource = $service;
+    }
-        } elseif ($application = $task->application()->first()) {
+
-            $this->resource = $application;
+    private function initializeExecutionContext(): void
+    {
+        $this->task->loadMissing([
+            'service.destination.server.settings',
+            'application.destination.server.settings',
+        ]);
+
+        if ($this->task->service) {
+            $this->resource = $this->task->service;
+        } elseif ($this->task->application) {
+            $this->resource = $this->task->application;
         } else {
             throw new \RuntimeException('ScheduledTaskJob failed: No resource found.');
         }
-        $this->team = Team::findOrFail($task->team_id);
-        $this->server_timezone = $this->getServerTimezone();
 
-        // Set timeout from task configuration
+        $this->team = Team::findOrFail($this->task->team_id);
-        $this->timeout = $this->task->timeout ?? 300;
+        $this->server_timezone = $this->getServerTimezone();
+        $this->server = $this->resource->destination->server;
     }
 
     private function getServerTimezone(): string
@@ -98,6 +107,8 @@ public function handle(): void
         $startTime = Carbon::now();
 
         try {
+            $this->initializeExecutionContext();
+
             $this->task_log = ScheduledTaskExecution::create([
                 'scheduled_task_id' => $this->task->id,
                 'started_at' => $startTime,
@@ -107,8 +118,6 @@ public function handle(): void
             // Store execution ID for timeout handling
             $this->executionId = $this->task_log->id;
 
-            $this->server = $this->resource->destination->server;
-
             if ($this->resource->type() === 'application') {
                 $containers = getCurrentApplicationContainerStatus($this->server, $this->resource->id, 0);
                 if ($containers->count() > 0) {
@@ -179,7 +188,10 @@ public function handle(): void
             // Re-throw to trigger Laravel's retry mechanism with backoff
             throw $e;
         } finally {
+            if ($this->team) {
                 ScheduledTaskDone::dispatch($this->team->id);
+            }
+
             if ($this->task_log) {
                 $finishedAt = Carbon::now();
                 $duration = round($startTime->floatDiffInSeconds($finishedAt), 2);
@@ -205,6 +217,8 @@ public function backoff(): array
      */
     public function failed(?\Throwable $exception): void
     {
+        $this->team ??= Team::find($this->task->team_id);
+
         Log::channel('scheduled-errors')->error('ScheduledTask permanently failed', [
             'job' => 'ScheduledTaskJob',
             'task_id' => $this->task->uuid,

tests/Feature/ScheduledJobManagerDispatchTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Jobs\ScheduledJobManager;
+use App\Jobs\ScheduledTaskJob;
+use App\Models\Application;
+use App\Models\Environment;
+use App\Models\PrivateKey;
+use App\Models\Project;
+use App\Models\ScheduledTask;
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Models\StandaloneDocker;
+use App\Models\Team;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue;
+
+uses(RefreshDatabase::class);
+
+it('dispatches scheduled tasks across chunks', function () {
+    config(['constants.coolify.self_hosted' => true]);
+    Carbon::setTestNow(Carbon::create(2026, 5, 27, 0, 1, 0, 'UTC'));
+    Queue::fake();
+
+    $team = Team::factory()->create();
+    $privateKey = PrivateKey::create([
+        'name' => 'Test Key',
+        'private_key' => '-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
+b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAAMwAAAAtzc2gtZW
+QyNTUxOQAAACBbhpqHhqv6aI67Mj9abM3DVbmcfYhZAhC7ca4d9UCevAAAAJi/QySHv0Mk
+hwAAAAtzc2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACBbhpqHhqv6aI67Mj9abM3DVbmcfYhZAhC7ca4d9UCevA
+AAAECBQw4jg1WRT2IGHMncCiZhURCts2s24HoDS0thHnnRKVuGmoeGq/pojrsyP1pszcNV
+uZx9iFkCELtxrh31QJ68AAAAEXNhaWxANzZmZjY2ZDJlMmRkAQIDBA==
+-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----',
+        'team_id' => $team->id,
+    ]);
+    $server = Server::factory()->create([
+        'team_id' => $team->id,
+        'private_key_id' => $privateKey->id,
+    ]);
+    $server->settings()->update([
+        'is_reachable' => true,
+        'is_usable' => true,
+        'force_disabled' => false,
+        'docker_cleanup_frequency' => '0 * * * *',
+    ]);
+
+    $destination = StandaloneDocker::where('server_id', $server->id)->first()
+        ?? StandaloneDocker::factory()->create(['server_id' => $server->id]);
+    $project = Project::factory()->create(['team_id' => $team->id]);
+    $environment = Environment::factory()->create(['project_id' => $project->id]);
+    $application = Application::factory()->create([
+        'environment_id' => $environment->id,
+        'destination_id' => $destination->id,
+        'destination_type' => StandaloneDocker::class,
+        'status' => 'running',
+    ]);
+
+    ScheduledTask::factory()
+        ->count(101)
+        ->create([
+            'team_id' => $team->id,
+            'application_id' => $application->id,
+            'frequency' => '* * * * *',
+            'enabled' => true,
+        ]);
+
+    (new ScheduledJobManager)->handle();
+
+    Queue::assertPushed(ScheduledTaskJob::class, 101);
+});
+
+it('skips expensive dispatch for non-due schedules while seeding dedup cache', function () {
+    config(['constants.coolify.self_hosted' => true]);
+    Carbon::setTestNow(Carbon::create(2026, 5, 27, 0, 1, 0, 'UTC'));
+    Queue::fake();
+
+    $application = createScheduledTaskApplication();
+
+    $task = ScheduledTask::factory()->create([
+        'team_id' => $application->environment->project->team_id,
+        'application_id' => $application->id,
+        'frequency' => '0 2 * * *',
+        'enabled' => true,
+    ]);
+
+    (new ScheduledJobManager)->handle();
+
+    Queue::assertNotPushed(ScheduledTaskJob::class);
+    expect(Cache::get("scheduled-task:{$task->id}"))->not->toBeNull();
+});
+
+it('does not query relationships when constructing scheduled task jobs', function () {
+    $application = createScheduledTaskApplication();
+
+    $task = ScheduledTask::factory()->create([
+        'team_id' => $application->environment->project->team_id,
+        'application_id' => $application->id,
+        'frequency' => '* * * * *',
+        'enabled' => true,
+    ])->fresh();
+
+    DB::flushQueryLog();
+    DB::enableQueryLog();
+
+    $job = new ScheduledTaskJob($task);
+
+    expect(DB::getQueryLog())->toBeEmpty()
+        ->and($job->queue)->toBe(crons_queue())
+        ->and($job->timeout)->toBe(300);
+});
+
+function createScheduledTaskApplication(): Application
+{
+    $team = Team::factory()->create();
+    $privateKey = PrivateKey::create([
+        'name' => 'Test Key',
+        'private_key' => '-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
+b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAAMwAAAAtzc2gtZW
+QyNTUxOQAAACBbhpqHhqv6aI67Mj9abM3DVbmcfYhZAhC7ca4d9UCevAAAAJi/QySHv0Mk
+hwAAAAtzc2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACBbhpqHhqv6aI67Mj9abM3DVbmcfYhZAhC7ca4d9UCevA
+AAAECBQw4jg1WRT2IGHMncCiZhURCts2s24HoDS0thHnnRKVuGmoeGq/pojrsyP1pszcNV
+uZx9iFkCELtxrh31QJ68AAAAEXNhaWxANzZmZjY2ZDJlMmRkAQIDBA==
+-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----',
+        'team_id' => $team->id,
+    ]);
+    $server = Server::factory()->create([
+        'team_id' => $team->id,
+        'private_key_id' => $privateKey->id,
+    ]);
+    $server->settings()->update([
+        'is_reachable' => true,
+        'is_usable' => true,
+        'force_disabled' => false,
+        'docker_cleanup_frequency' => '0 * * * *',
+    ]);
+
+    $destination = StandaloneDocker::where('server_id', $server->id)->first()
+        ?? StandaloneDocker::factory()->create(['server_id' => $server->id]);
+    $project = Project::factory()->create(['team_id' => $team->id]);
+    $environment = Environment::factory()->create(['project_id' => $project->id]);
+
+    return Application::factory()->create([
+        'environment_id' => $environment->id,
+        'destination_id' => $destination->id,
+        'destination_type' => StandaloneDocker::class,
+        'status' => 'running',
+    ]);
+}