diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ApplicationsController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ApplicationsController.php
index 593207735..468589a1d 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ApplicationsController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ApplicationsController.php
@@ -1237,6 +1237,12 @@ private function create_application(Request $request, $type)
         if (! $server) {
             return response()->json(['message' => 'Server not found.'], 404);
         }
+        if (! $server->canHostResources()) {
+            return response()->json([
+                'message' => 'Validation failed.',
+                'errors' => ['server_uuid' => ['The specified server is configured as a build server and cannot host resources.']],
+            ], 422);
+        }
         $destinations = $server->destinations();
         if ($destinations->count() == 0) {
             return response()->json(['message' => 'Server has no destinations.'], 400);
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/DatabasesController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/DatabasesController.php
index d06e2eac5..f2c7f2226 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/DatabasesController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/DatabasesController.php
@@ -1813,6 +1813,12 @@ public function create_database(Request $request, NewDatabaseTypes $type)
         if (! $server) {
             return response()->json(['message' => 'Server not found.'], 404);
         }
+        if (! $server->canHostResources()) {
+            return response()->json([
+                'message' => 'Validation failed.',
+                'errors' => ['server_uuid' => ['The specified server is configured as a build server and cannot host resources.']],
+            ], 422);
+        }
         $destinations = $server->destinations();
         if ($destinations->count() == 0) {
             return response()->json(['message' => 'Server has no destinations.'], 400);
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ServersController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ServersController.php
index fa0017f87..4343971ed 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ServersController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ServersController.php
@@ -736,6 +736,13 @@ public function update_server(Request $request)
             ], 422);
         }
 
+        if ($request->boolean('is_build_server') && ! $server->isBuildServer() && ! $server->isEmpty()) {
+            return response()->json([
+                'message' => 'Validation failed.',
+                'errors' => ['is_build_server' => ['A server with existing resources cannot be configured as a build server.']],
+            ], 422);
+        }
+
         $server->update($updateFields);
         if ($request->has('is_build_server')) {
             $server->settings()->update([
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ServicesController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ServicesController.php
index 9fa512c6b..9c074c9a1 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ServicesController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ServicesController.php
@@ -444,6 +444,12 @@ public function create_service(Request $request)
         if (! $server) {
             return response()->json(['message' => 'Server not found.'], 404);
         }
+        if (! $server->canHostResources()) {
+            return response()->json([
+                'message' => 'Validation failed.',
+                'errors' => ['server_uuid' => ['The specified server is configured as a build server and cannot host resources.']],
+            ], 422);
+        }
         $destinations = $server->destinations();
         if ($destinations->count() == 0) {
             return response()->json(['message' => 'Server has no destinations.'], 400);
@@ -501,7 +507,8 @@ public function create_service(Request $request)
                 if (in_array($oneClickServiceName, NEEDS_TO_CONNECT_TO_PREDEFINED_NETWORK)) {
                     data_set($servicePayload, 'connect_to_docker_network', true);
                 }
-                $service = Service::create($servicePayload);
+                $service = new Service($servicePayload);
+                $service->save();
                 $service->name = $request->name ?? "$oneClickServiceName-".$service->uuid;
                 $service->description = $request->description;
                 if ($request->has('is_container_label_escape_enabled')) {
@@ -639,6 +646,12 @@ public function create_service(Request $request)
             if (! $server) {
                 return response()->json(['message' => 'Server not found.'], 404);
             }
+            if (! $server->canHostResources()) {
+                return response()->json([
+                    'message' => 'Validation failed.',
+                    'errors' => ['server_uuid' => ['The specified server is configured as a build server and cannot host resources.']],
+                ], 422);
+            }
             $destinations = $server->destinations();
             if ($destinations->count() == 0) {
                 return response()->json(['message' => 'Server has no destinations.'], 400);
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Project/CloneMe.php b/app/Livewire/Project/CloneMe.php
index 0a6e3d8ec..fff2b7fbf 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Project/CloneMe.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Project/CloneMe.php
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class CloneMe extends Component
 
     public ?int $selectedServer = null;
 
-    public ?int $selectedDestination = null;
+    public ?string $selectedDestination = null;
 
     public ?Server $server = null;
 
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ public function render()
         return view('livewire.project.clone-me');
     }
 
-    public function selectServer($server_id, $destination_id)
+    public function selectServer($server_id, $destination_uuid)
     {
-        if ($server_id == $this->selectedServer && $destination_id == $this->selectedDestination) {
+        if ($server_id == $this->selectedServer && $destination_uuid === $this->selectedDestination) {
             $this->selectedServer = null;
             $this->selectedDestination = null;
             $this->server = null;
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public function selectServer($server_id, $destination_id)
             return;
         }
         $this->selectedServer = $server_id;
-        $this->selectedDestination = $destination_id;
+        $this->selectedDestination = $destination_uuid;
         $this->server = $this->servers->where('id', $server_id)->first();
     }
 
@@ -98,6 +98,10 @@ public function clone(string $type)
                 'selectedDestination' => 'required',
                 'newName' => ValidationPatterns::nameRules(),
             ]);
+            $selectedDestination = find_resource_destination_for_current_team($this->selectedDestination);
+            if (! $selectedDestination) {
+                throw new \Exception('Destination not found.');
+            }
             if ($type === 'project') {
                 $foundProject = Project::where('name', $this->newName)->first();
                 if ($foundProject) {
@@ -130,7 +134,6 @@ public function clone(string $type)
             $databases = $this->environment->databases();
             $services = $this->environment->services;
             foreach ($applications as $application) {
-                $selectedDestination = $this->servers->flatMap(fn ($server) => $server->destinations())->where('id', $this->selectedDestination)->first();
                 clone_application($application, $selectedDestination, [
                     'environment_id' => $environment->id,
                 ], $this->cloneVolumeData);
@@ -147,7 +150,8 @@ public function clone(string $type)
                     'status' => 'exited',
                     'started_at' => null,
                     'environment_id' => $environment->id,
-                    'destination_id' => $this->selectedDestination,
+                    'destination_id' => $selectedDestination->id,
+                    'destination_type' => $selectedDestination->getMorphClass(),
                 ]);
                 $newDatabase->save();
 
@@ -265,7 +269,9 @@ public function clone(string $type)
                 ])->fill([
                     'uuid' => $uuid,
                     'environment_id' => $environment->id,
-                    'destination_id' => $this->selectedDestination,
+                    'destination_id' => $selectedDestination->id,
+                    'destination_type' => $selectedDestination->getMorphClass(),
+                    'server_id' => $selectedDestination->server_id,
                 ]);
                 $newService->save();
 
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Project/New/DockerCompose.php b/app/Livewire/Project/New/DockerCompose.php
index 55ed8941c..2f9264730 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Project/New/DockerCompose.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Project/New/DockerCompose.php
@@ -47,19 +47,20 @@ public function submit()
             $environment = $project->environments()->where('uuid', $this->parameters['environment_uuid'])->firstOrFail();
 
             $destination_uuid = $this->query['destination'] ?? null;
-            $destination = find_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
+            $destination = find_resource_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
             if (! $destination) {
                 throw new \Exception('Destination not found.');
             }
             $destination_class = $destination->getMorphClass();
 
-            $service = Service::create([
+            $service = new Service([
                 'docker_compose_raw' => $this->dockerComposeRaw,
                 'environment_id' => $environment->id,
                 'server_id' => $destination->server_id,
                 'destination_id' => $destination->id,
                 'destination_type' => $destination_class,
             ]);
+            $service->save();
 
             $variables = parseEnvFormatToArray($this->envFile);
             foreach ($variables as $key => $data) {
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Project/New/DockerImage.php b/app/Livewire/Project/New/DockerImage.php
index 68ee0d055..ab6063e09 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Project/New/DockerImage.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Project/New/DockerImage.php
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public function submit()
         $parser->parse($dockerImage);
 
         $destination_uuid = $this->query['destination'] ?? null;
-        $destination = find_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
+        $destination = find_resource_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
         if (! $destination) {
             throw new \Exception('Destination not found.');
         }
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public function submit()
         // Determine the image tag based on whether it's a hash or regular tag
         $imageTag = $parser->isImageHash() ? 'sha256-'.$parser->getTag() : $parser->getTag();
 
-        $application = Application::create([
+        $application = new Application([
             'name' => 'docker-image-'.new_public_id(),
             'repository_project_id' => 0,
             'git_repository' => 'coollabsio/coolify',
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ public function submit()
             'destination_type' => $destination_class,
             'health_check_enabled' => false,
         ]);
+        $application->save();
 
         $fqdn = generateUrl(server: $destination->server, random: $application->uuid);
         $application->update([
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Project/New/GithubPrivateRepository.php b/app/Livewire/Project/New/GithubPrivateRepository.php
index 35e9b186e..479c2a1f5 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Project/New/GithubPrivateRepository.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Project/New/GithubPrivateRepository.php
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ public function submit()
             }
 
             $destination_uuid = $this->query['destination'] ?? null;
-            $destination = find_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
+            $destination = find_resource_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
             if (! $destination) {
                 throw new \Exception('Destination not found.');
             }
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ public function submit()
             $project = Project::ownedByCurrentTeam()->where('uuid', $this->parameters['project_uuid'])->firstOrFail();
             $environment = $project->environments()->where('uuid', $this->parameters['environment_uuid'])->firstOrFail();
 
-            $application = Application::create([
+            $application = new Application([
                 'name' => generate_application_name($this->selected_repository_owner.'/'.$this->selected_repository_repo, $this->selected_branch_name),
                 'repository_project_id' => $this->selected_repository_id,
                 'git_repository' => str($this->selected_repository_owner)->trim()->toString().'/'.str($this->selected_repository_repo)->trim()->toString(),
@@ -216,6 +216,7 @@ public function submit()
                 'source_id' => $this->github_app->id,
                 'source_type' => $this->github_app->getMorphClass(),
             ]);
+            $application->save();
             $application->settings->is_static = $this->is_static;
             $application->settings->save();
 
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Project/New/GithubPrivateRepositoryDeployKey.php b/app/Livewire/Project/New/GithubPrivateRepositoryDeployKey.php
index d5b4bbef8..fb3c0b2c3 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Project/New/GithubPrivateRepositoryDeployKey.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Project/New/GithubPrivateRepositoryDeployKey.php
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public function submit()
         $this->validate();
         try {
             $destination_uuid = $this->query['destination'] ?? null;
-            $destination = find_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
+            $destination = find_resource_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
             if (! $destination) {
                 throw new \Exception('Destination not found.');
             }
@@ -185,7 +185,8 @@ public function submit()
                 $application_init['docker_compose_location'] = $this->docker_compose_location;
                 $application_init['base_directory'] = $this->base_directory;
             }
-            $application = Application::create($application_init);
+            $application = new Application($application_init);
+            $application->save();
             $application->settings->is_static = $this->is_static;
             $application->settings->save();
 
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Project/New/PublicGitRepository.php b/app/Livewire/Project/New/PublicGitRepository.php
index 4fddd744b..fdae52f7c 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Project/New/PublicGitRepository.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Project/New/PublicGitRepository.php
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ public function submit()
             $project_uuid = $this->parameters['project_uuid'];
             $environment_uuid = $this->parameters['environment_uuid'];
 
-            $destination = find_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
+            $destination = find_resource_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
             if (! $destination) {
                 throw new \Exception('Destination not found.');
             }
@@ -336,7 +336,8 @@ public function submit()
                 $application_init['docker_compose_location'] = $this->docker_compose_location;
                 $application_init['base_directory'] = $this->base_directory;
             }
-            $application = Application::create($application_init);
+            $application = new Application($application_init);
+            $application->save();
 
             $application->settings->is_static = $this->isStatic;
             $application->settings->save();
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Project/New/Select.php b/app/Livewire/Project/New/Select.php
index 34601f5dd..08047fc79 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Project/New/Select.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Project/New/Select.php
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ class Select extends Component
 
     public Collection|null|Server $servers;
 
+    public ?Collection $buildServers = null;
+
     public bool $onlyBuildServerAvailable = false;
 
     public ?Collection $standaloneDockers;
@@ -380,7 +382,7 @@ public function setType(string $type)
 
             return;
         }
-        if (count($this->servers) === 1) {
+        if (count($this->servers) === 1 && $this->buildServers?->isEmpty()) {
             $server = $this->servers->first();
             if ($server instanceof Server) {
                 $this->setServer($server);
@@ -452,12 +454,8 @@ public function whatToDoNext()
     public function loadServers()
     {
         $this->servers = Server::isUsable()->get()->sortBy('name');
-        $this->allServers = $this->servers;
-
-        if ($this->allServers && $this->allServers->isNotEmpty()) {
-            $this->onlyBuildServerAvailable = $this->allServers->every(function ($server) {
-                return $server->isBuildServer();
-            });
-        }
+        $this->buildServers = Server::isUsableBuildServer()->get()->sortBy('name');
+        $this->allServers = $this->servers->concat($this->buildServers);
+        $this->onlyBuildServerAvailable = $this->servers->isEmpty() && $this->buildServers->isNotEmpty();
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Project/New/SimpleDockerfile.php b/app/Livewire/Project/New/SimpleDockerfile.php
index 3328c5db3..24f21b4cb 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Project/New/SimpleDockerfile.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Project/New/SimpleDockerfile.php
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public function submit()
             'dockerfile' => 'required',
         ]);
         $destination_uuid = $this->query['destination'] ?? null;
-        $destination = find_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
+        $destination = find_resource_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
         if (! $destination) {
             throw new \Exception('Destination not found.');
         }
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public function submit()
         if (! $port) {
             $port = 80;
         }
-        $application = Application::create([
+        $application = new Application([
             'name' => 'dockerfile-'.new_public_id(),
             'repository_project_id' => 0,
             'git_repository' => 'coollabsio/coolify',
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ public function submit()
             'source_id' => 0,
             'source_type' => GithubApp::class,
         ]);
+        $application->save();
 
         $fqdn = generateUrl(server: $destination->server, random: $application->uuid);
         $application->update([
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Project/Resource/Create.php b/app/Livewire/Project/Resource/Create.php
index e0b45eea0..19ffad55c 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Project/Resource/Create.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Project/Resource/Create.php
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public function mount()
             return redirect()->route('dashboard');
         }
         if (isset($type) && isset($destination_uuid)) {
-            $destination = find_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
+            $destination = find_resource_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
             if (! $destination) {
                 return redirect()->route('dashboard');
             }
@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ public function mount()
                     if (in_array($oneClickServiceName, NEEDS_TO_CONNECT_TO_PREDEFINED_NETWORK)) {
                         data_set($service_payload, 'connect_to_docker_network', true);
                     }
-                    $service = Service::create($service_payload);
+                    $service = new Service($service_payload);
+                    $service->save();
                     $service->name = "$oneClickServiceName-".$service->uuid;
                     $service->save();
                     if ($oneClickDotEnvs?->count() > 0) {
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Project/Shared/Destination.php b/app/Livewire/Project/Shared/Destination.php
index 4f3e659da..94fb4b4eb 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Project/Shared/Destination.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Project/Shared/Destination.php
@@ -118,9 +118,8 @@ public function promote(int $network_id, int $server_id)
             $server = Server::ownedByCurrentTeam()->findOrFail($server_id);
             $network = StandaloneDocker::ownedByCurrentTeam()->where('server_id', $server->id)->findOrFail($network_id);
             $this->authorize('update', $this->resource);
-
             $this->resource->getConnection()->transaction(function () use ($network, $server) {
-                $main_destination = $this->resource->destination;
+                $mainDestination = $this->resource->destination;
                 $this->resource->update([
                     'destination_id' => $network->id,
                     'destination_type' => StandaloneDocker::class,
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@ public function promote(int $network_id, int $server_id)
                 $this->resource->additional_networks()
                     ->wherePivot('server_id', $server->id)
                     ->detach($network->id);
-                $this->resource->additional_networks()->attach($main_destination->id, ['server_id' => $main_destination->server->id]);
+                $this->resource->additional_networks()->attach($mainDestination->id, ['server_id' => $mainDestination->server->id]);
             });
             $this->resource->refresh();
             $this->refreshServers();
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Project/Shared/ResourceOperations.php b/app/Livewire/Project/Shared/ResourceOperations.php
index 02171af8d..ba6a6e03d 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Project/Shared/ResourceOperations.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Project/Shared/ResourceOperations.php
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 use App\Models\Environment;
 use App\Models\Project;
 use App\Models\StandaloneClickhouse;
-use App\Models\StandaloneDocker;
 use App\Models\StandaloneDragonfly;
 use App\Models\StandaloneKeydb;
 use App\Models\StandaloneMariadb;
@@ -19,7 +18,6 @@
 use App\Models\StandaloneMysql;
 use App\Models\StandalonePostgresql;
 use App\Models\StandaloneRedis;
-use App\Models\SwarmDocker;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;
 use Livewire\Component;
 
@@ -37,6 +35,8 @@ class ResourceOperations extends Component
 
     public $servers;
 
+    public $buildServers;
+
     public bool $cloneVolumeData = false;
 
     public function mount()
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ public function mount()
         $this->projectUuid = data_get($parameters, 'project_uuid');
         $this->environmentUuid = data_get($parameters, 'environment_uuid');
         $this->projects = Project::ownedByCurrentTeamCached();
-        $this->servers = currentTeam()->servers->filter(fn ($server) => ! $server->isBuildServer());
+        $servers = currentTeam()->servers()->get();
+        $this->servers = $servers->reject(fn ($server) => $server->isBuildServer());
+        $this->buildServers = $servers->filter(fn ($server) => $server->isBuildServer());
     }
 
     public function toggleVolumeCloning(bool $value)
@@ -53,20 +55,20 @@ public function toggleVolumeCloning(bool $value)
         $this->cloneVolumeData = $value;
     }
 
-    public function cloneTo($destination_id)
+    public function cloneTo($destination_uuid)
     {
         try {
             $this->authorize('update', $this->resource);
 
-            $new_destination = StandaloneDocker::ownedByCurrentTeam()->find($destination_id);
-            if (! $new_destination) {
-                $new_destination = SwarmDocker::ownedByCurrentTeam()->find($destination_id);
-            }
+            $new_destination = find_resource_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
             if (! $new_destination) {
                 return $this->addError('destination_id', 'Destination not found.');
             }
             $uuid = new_public_id();
             $server = $new_destination->server;
+            if (! $server->canHostResources()) {
+                return $this->addError('destination_id', 'The selected server cannot host resources.');
+            }
 
             if ($this->resource->getMorphClass() === Application::class) {
                 $new_resource = clone_application($this->resource, $new_destination, ['uuid' => $uuid], $this->cloneVolumeData);
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ public function cloneTo($destination_id)
                     'status' => 'exited',
                     'started_at' => null,
                     'destination_id' => $new_destination->id,
+                    'destination_type' => $new_destination->getMorphClass(),
                 ]);
                 $new_resource->save();
 
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Server/Show.php b/app/Livewire/Server/Show.php
index 6cd004362..1090e9892 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Server/Show.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Server/Show.php
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ public function mount(string $server_uuid)
         try {
             $this->server = Server::ownedByCurrentTeam()->whereUuid($server_uuid)->firstOrFail();
             $this->syncData();
-            if (! $this->server->isEmpty()) {
+            if (! $this->server->isBuildServer() && ! $this->server->isEmpty()) {
                 $this->isBuildServerLocked = true;
             }
             // Load saved Hetzner status and validation state
@@ -409,6 +409,12 @@ public function updatedIsBuildServer($value)
     {
         try {
             $this->authorize('update', $this->server);
+            if ($value === true && ! $this->server->isEmpty()) {
+                $this->isBuildServer = false;
+                $this->dispatch('error', 'A server with existing resources cannot be configured as a build server.');
+
+                return;
+            }
             if ($value === true && $this->isSentinelEnabled) {
                 $this->isSentinelEnabled = false;
                 $this->isMetricsEnabled = false;
diff --git a/app/Models/Server.php b/app/Models/Server.php
index d55df0179..3acaf3507 100644
--- a/app/Models/Server.php
+++ b/app/Models/Server.php
@@ -509,9 +509,29 @@ public static function ownedByCurrentTeamCached()
         });
     }
 
-    public static function isUsable()
+    public static function isUsable(): Builder
     {
-        return Server::ownedByCurrentTeam()->whereRelation('settings', 'is_reachable', true)->whereRelation('settings', 'is_usable', true)->whereRelation('settings', 'is_swarm_worker', false)->whereRelation('settings', 'is_build_server', false)->whereRelation('settings', 'force_disabled', false);
+        return self::usableByBuildServerStatus(false);
+    }
+
+    public static function isUsableBuildServer(): Builder
+    {
+        return self::usableByBuildServerStatus(true);
+    }
+
+    private static function usableByBuildServerStatus(bool $isBuildServer): Builder
+    {
+        return Server::ownedByCurrentTeam()
+            ->whereRelation('settings', 'is_reachable', true)
+            ->whereRelation('settings', 'is_usable', true)
+            ->whereRelation('settings', 'is_swarm_worker', false)
+            ->whereRelation('settings', 'is_build_server', $isBuildServer)
+            ->whereRelation('settings', 'force_disabled', false);
+    }
+
+    public function canHostResources(): bool
+    {
+        return ! $this->isBuildServer();
     }
 
     public function settings()
diff --git a/app/Models/ServerSetting.php b/app/Models/ServerSetting.php
index e96aab4a3..0453dc793 100644
--- a/app/Models/ServerSetting.php
+++ b/app/Models/ServerSetting.php
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ class ServerSetting extends Model
         'sentinel_token' => 'encrypted',
         'is_reachable' => 'boolean',
         'is_usable' => 'boolean',
+        'is_build_server' => 'boolean',
         'is_terminal_enabled' => 'boolean',
         'disable_application_image_retention' => 'boolean',
         'connection_timeout' => 'integer',
diff --git a/bootstrap/helpers/applications.php b/bootstrap/helpers/applications.php
index b7e4af7ab..339a0bcf7 100644
--- a/bootstrap/helpers/applications.php
+++ b/bootstrap/helpers/applications.php
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ function clone_application(Application $source, $destination, array $overrides =
         'fqdn' => $url,
         'status' => 'exited',
         'destination_id' => $destination->id,
+        'destination_type' => $destination->getMorphClass(),
     ], $overrides));
     $newApplication->save();
 
diff --git a/bootstrap/helpers/shared.php b/bootstrap/helpers/shared.php
index 10de1f86f..8900c0cd3 100644
--- a/bootstrap/helpers/shared.php
+++ b/bootstrap/helpers/shared.php
@@ -535,6 +535,17 @@ function find_destination_for_current_team(?string $uuid): StandaloneDocker|Swar
         ?? SwarmDocker::ownedByCurrentTeam()->where('uuid', $uuid)->first();
 }
 
+function find_resource_destination_for_current_team(?string $uuid): StandaloneDocker|SwarmDocker|null
+{
+    $destination = find_destination_for_current_team($uuid);
+
+    if (! $destination?->server?->canHostResources()) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    return $destination;
+}
+
 function showBoarding(): bool
 {
     if (isDev()) {
diff --git a/resources/views/livewire/project/clone-me.blade.php b/resources/views/livewire/project/clone-me.blade.php
index 3c7f874ce..f150b5525 100644
--- a/resources/views/livewire/project/clone-me.blade.php
+++ b/resources/views/livewire/project/clone-me.blade.php
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@
                                 @foreach ($servers->sortBy('id') as $server)
                                     @foreach ($server->destinations() as $destination)
                                         <tr class="cursor-pointer hover:bg-coolgray-50 dark:hover:bg-coolgray-200"
-                                            wire:click="selectServer('{{ $server->id }}', '{{ $destination->id }}')">
+                                            wire:click="selectServer('{{ $server->id }}', '{{ $destination->uuid }}')">
                                             <td class="px-5 py-4 text-sm whitespace-nowrap dark:text-white"
-                                                :class="'{{ $selectedDestination === $destination->id }}' ?
+                                                :class="'{{ $selectedDestination === $destination->uuid }}' ?
                                                 'bg-coollabs text-white' : 'dark:bg-coolgray-100 bg-white'">
                                                 {{ $server->name }}</td>
                                             <td class="px-5 py-4 text-sm whitespace-nowrap dark:text-white "
-                                                :class="'{{ $selectedDestination === $destination->id }}' ?
+                                                :class="'{{ $selectedDestination === $destination->uuid }}' ?
                                                 'bg-coollabs text-white' : 'dark:bg-coolgray-100 bg-white'">
                                                 {{ $destination->name }}
                                             </td>
diff --git a/resources/views/livewire/project/new/select.blade.php b/resources/views/livewire/project/new/select.blade.php
index 2d3750a8a..83a9198af 100644
--- a/resources/views/livewire/project/new/select.blade.php
+++ b/resources/views/livewire/project/new/select.blade.php
@@ -433,28 +433,40 @@ function searchResources() {
                     server. <a class="underline dark:text-white" href="/servers" {{ wireNavigate() }}>
                         Go to servers page
                     </a> </div>
-            @else
-                @forelse($servers as $server)
-                    <div class="w-full coolbox group" wire:click="setServer({{ $server }})">
-                        <div class="flex flex-col mx-6">
-                            <div class="box-title">
-                                {{ $server->name }}
-                            </div>
-                            <div class="box-description">
-                                {{ $server->description }}
-                            </div>
+            @endif
+            @forelse($servers as $server)
+                <div class="w-full coolbox group" wire:click="setServer({{ $server }})">
+                    <div class="flex flex-col mx-6">
+                        <div class="box-title">
+                            {{ $server->name }}
+                        </div>
+                        <div class="box-description">
+                            {{ $server->description }}
                         </div>
                     </div>
-                @empty
+                </div>
+            @empty
+                @if ($buildServers?->isEmpty() && ! $onlyBuildServerAvailable)
                     <div>
-
                         <div>No validated & reachable servers found. <a class="underline dark:text-white"
                                 href="/servers" {{ wireNavigate() }}>
                                 Go to servers page
                             </a></div>
                     </div>
-                @endforelse
-            @endif
+                @endif
+            @endforelse
+            @foreach($buildServers ?? [] as $buildServer)
+                <div class="w-full coolbox opacity-60 cursor-not-allowed">
+                    <div class="flex flex-col mx-6">
+                        <div class="box-title">{{ $buildServer->name }}</div>
+                        <div class="box-description">
+                            This server is configured as a build server and cannot host resources.
+                            <a class="underline dark:text-white" href="{{ route('server.show', ['server_uuid' => $buildServer->uuid]) }}"
+                                {{ wireNavigate() }}>Change server settings</a>
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            @endforeach
         </div>
     @endif
     @if ($current_step === 'destinations')
diff --git a/resources/views/livewire/project/shared/resource-operations.blade.php b/resources/views/livewire/project/shared/resource-operations.blade.php
index 0c3c8885c..769757dc1 100644
--- a/resources/views/livewire/project/shared/resource-operations.blade.php
+++ b/resources/views/livewire/project/shared/resource-operations.blade.php
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
             'destinations' => $s->destinations()->map(
                 fn($d) => [
                     'id' => $d->id,
+                    'uuid' => $d->uuid,
                     'name' => $d->name,
                     'server_id' => $s->id,
                 ],
@@ -77,6 +78,9 @@
                             <template x-for="server in servers" :key="server.id">
                                 <option :value="server.id" x-text="`${server.name} (${server.ip})`"></option>
                             </template>
+                            @foreach ($buildServers as $buildServer)
+                                <option disabled>{{ $buildServer->name }} — Build server — cannot host resources</option>
+                            @endforeach
                         </select>
                     </div>
 
@@ -84,8 +88,8 @@
                         <label class="block text-sm font-medium mb-2">Select Network Destination</label>
                         <select x-model="selectedCloneDestination" :disabled="!selectedCloneServer" class="select">
                             <option value="">Choose a destination...</option>
-                            <template x-for="destination in availableDestinations" :key="destination.id">
-                                <option :value="destination.id" x-text="destination.name"></option>
+                            <template x-for="destination in availableDestinations" :key="destination.uuid">
+                                <option :value="destination.uuid" x-text="destination.name"></option>
                             </template>
                         </select>
                     </div>
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Authorization/ResourceOperationsCrossTenantTest.php b/tests/Feature/Authorization/ResourceOperationsCrossTenantTest.php
index 056c7757c..3fc4ff190 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/Authorization/ResourceOperationsCrossTenantTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/Authorization/ResourceOperationsCrossTenantTest.php
@@ -3,21 +3,28 @@
 use App\Livewire\Project\Shared\ResourceOperations;
 use App\Models\Application;
 use App\Models\Environment;
+use App\Models\InstanceSettings;
 use App\Models\Project;
 use App\Models\Server;
 use App\Models\StandaloneDocker;
 use App\Models\Team;
 use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
 use Livewire\Livewire;
 
+uses(RefreshDatabase::class);
+
 beforeEach(function () {
+    $this->withoutVite();
+    InstanceSettings::forceCreate(['id' => 0]);
+
     // Team A (attacker's team)
     $this->userA = User::factory()->create();
     $this->teamA = Team::factory()->create();
     $this->userA->teams()->attach($this->teamA, ['role' => 'owner']);
 
     $this->serverA = Server::factory()->create(['team_id' => $this->teamA->id]);
-    $this->destinationA = StandaloneDocker::factory()->create(['server_id' => $this->serverA->id]);
+    $this->destinationA = StandaloneDocker::where('server_id', $this->serverA->id)->firstOrFail();
     $this->projectA = Project::factory()->create(['team_id' => $this->teamA->id]);
     $this->environmentA = Environment::factory()->create(['project_id' => $this->projectA->id]);
 
@@ -30,7 +37,7 @@
     // Team B (victim's team)
     $this->teamB = Team::factory()->create();
     $this->serverB = Server::factory()->create(['team_id' => $this->teamB->id]);
-    $this->destinationB = StandaloneDocker::factory()->create(['server_id' => $this->serverB->id]);
+    $this->destinationB = StandaloneDocker::where('server_id', $this->serverB->id)->firstOrFail();
     $this->projectB = Project::factory()->create(['team_id' => $this->teamB->id]);
     $this->environmentB = Environment::factory()->create(['project_id' => $this->projectB->id]);
 
@@ -40,7 +47,7 @@
 
 test('cloneTo rejects destination belonging to another team', function () {
     Livewire::test(ResourceOperations::class, ['resource' => $this->applicationA])
-        ->call('cloneTo', $this->destinationB->id)
+        ->call('cloneTo', $this->destinationB->uuid)
         ->assertHasErrors('destination_id');
 
     // Ensure no cross-tenant application was created
@@ -48,12 +55,16 @@
 });
 
 test('cloneTo allows destination belonging to own team', function () {
-    $secondDestination = StandaloneDocker::factory()->create(['server_id' => $this->serverA->id]);
+    $secondDestination = StandaloneDocker::factory()->create([
+        'server_id' => $this->serverA->id,
+        'network' => 'second-destination',
+    ]);
 
     Livewire::test(ResourceOperations::class, ['resource' => $this->applicationA])
-        ->call('cloneTo', $secondDestination->id)
-        ->assertHasNoErrors('destination_id')
-        ->assertRedirect();
+        ->call('cloneTo', $secondDestination->uuid)
+        ->assertHasNoErrors('destination_id');
+
+    expect(Application::count())->toBe(2);
 });
 
 test('moveTo rejects environment belonging to another team', function () {
diff --git a/tests/Feature/ResourceHostingServerTest.php b/tests/Feature/ResourceHostingServerTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dad900708
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/ResourceHostingServerTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Livewire\Project\CloneMe;
+use App\Livewire\Project\New\Select as ResourceSelect;
+use App\Livewire\Project\New\SimpleDockerfile;
+use App\Livewire\Project\Shared\ResourceOperations;
+use App\Livewire\Server\Show;
+use App\Models\Application;
+use App\Models\Environment;
+use App\Models\InstanceSettings;
+use App\Models\Project;
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Models\Service;
+use App\Models\StandaloneDocker;
+use App\Models\StandalonePostgresql;
+use App\Models\SwarmDocker;
+use App\Models\Team;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade;
+use Livewire\Livewire;
+
+uses(RefreshDatabase::class);
+
+beforeEach(function () {
+    Server::flushIdentityMap();
+    InstanceSettings::forceCreate(['id' => 0, 'is_api_enabled' => true]);
+
+    $this->team = Team::factory()->create();
+    $this->user = User::factory()->create();
+    $this->team->members()->attach($this->user->id, ['role' => 'owner']);
+    session(['currentTeam' => $this->team]);
+
+    $this->token = $this->user->createToken('resource-hosting-test', ['*']);
+    $this->bearerToken = $this->token->plainTextToken;
+
+    $this->server = Server::factory()->create(['team_id' => $this->team->id]);
+    $this->server->settings()->update([
+        'is_reachable' => true,
+        'is_usable' => true,
+        'is_build_server' => false,
+        'is_swarm_worker' => false,
+        'force_disabled' => false,
+    ]);
+    $this->server->refresh()->load('settings');
+
+    $this->destination = StandaloneDocker::where('server_id', $this->server->id)->firstOrFail();
+    $this->project = Project::factory()->create(['team_id' => $this->team->id]);
+    $this->environment = Environment::factory()->create(['project_id' => $this->project->id]);
+});
+
+afterEach(function () {
+    Server::flushIdentityMap();
+});
+
+function resourceHostingApiHeaders(string $token): array
+{
+    return [
+        'Authorization' => 'Bearer '.$token,
+        'Content-Type' => 'application/json',
+    ];
+}
+
+function createResourceHostingTestApplication(object $test): Application
+{
+    return Application::factory()->create([
+        'environment_id' => $test->environment->id,
+        'destination_id' => $test->destination->id,
+        'destination_type' => $test->destination->getMorphClass(),
+    ]);
+}
+
+test('only eligible deployment servers can host resources', function () {
+    expect($this->server->canHostResources())->toBeTrue();
+
+    $this->server->settings->update(['is_build_server' => true]);
+
+    expect($this->server->fresh()->canHostResources())->toBeFalse();
+});
+
+test('a populated build server can be changed back to a deployment server', function () {
+    createResourceHostingTestApplication($this);
+    $this->server->settings()->update(['is_build_server' => true]);
+
+    Livewire::actingAs($this->user)
+        ->test(Show::class, ['server_uuid' => $this->server->uuid])
+        ->assertSet('isBuildServer', true)
+        ->assertSet('isBuildServerLocked', false)
+        ->set('isBuildServer', false)
+        ->assertHasNoErrors();
+
+    expect((bool) $this->server->settings->fresh()->is_build_server)->toBeFalse();
+});
+
+test('a populated deployment server cannot be changed into a build server', function () {
+    createResourceHostingTestApplication($this);
+
+    Livewire::actingAs($this->user)
+        ->test(Show::class, ['server_uuid' => $this->server->uuid])
+        ->assertSet('isBuildServer', false)
+        ->assertSet('isBuildServerLocked', true)
+        ->set('isBuildServer', true)
+        ->assertSet('isBuildServer', false);
+
+    expect((bool) $this->server->settings->fresh()->is_build_server)->toBeFalse();
+});
+
+test('resource selection keeps excluded build servers visible for explanation', function () {
+    $this->actingAs($this->user);
+    $buildServer = Server::factory()->create(['team_id' => $this->team->id]);
+    $buildServer->settings()->update([
+        'is_reachable' => true,
+        'is_usable' => true,
+        'is_build_server' => true,
+        'is_swarm_worker' => false,
+        'force_disabled' => false,
+    ]);
+
+    $component = new ResourceSelect;
+    $component->loadServers();
+
+    expect($component->servers->pluck('id'))->toContain($this->server->id)
+        ->not->toContain($buildServer->id)
+        ->and(Server::isUsableBuildServer()->pluck('id'))->toContain($buildServer->id)
+        ->not->toContain($this->server->id)
+        ->and($component->buildServers->pluck('id'))->toContain($buildServer->id)
+        ->and($component->allServers->pluck('id'))->toContain($this->server->id, $buildServer->id);
+});
+
+test('resource selection does not show the empty server message when only build servers are available', function () {
+    $html = Blade::render(
+        file_get_contents(resource_path('views/livewire/project/new/select.blade.php')),
+        [
+            'current_step' => 'servers',
+            'onlyBuildServerAvailable' => true,
+            'servers' => collect(),
+            'buildServers' => collect(),
+        ],
+    );
+
+    expect($html)
+        ->toContain('Only build servers are available')
+        ->not->toContain('No validated & reachable servers found');
+});
+
+test('application API rejects build servers', function () {
+    $this->server->settings()->update(['is_build_server' => true]);
+
+    $this->withHeaders(resourceHostingApiHeaders($this->bearerToken))
+        ->postJson('/api/v1/applications/dockerimage', [
+            'project_uuid' => $this->project->uuid,
+            'environment_uuid' => $this->environment->uuid,
+            'server_uuid' => $this->server->uuid,
+            'docker_registry_image_name' => 'nginx',
+            'docker_registry_image_tag' => 'latest',
+            'ports_exposes' => '80',
+            'instant_deploy' => false,
+        ])
+        ->assertUnprocessable()
+        ->assertInvalid(['server_uuid']);
+
+    expect(Application::count())->toBe(0);
+});
+
+test('database API rejects build servers', function () {
+    $this->server->settings()->update(['is_build_server' => true]);
+
+    $this->withHeaders(resourceHostingApiHeaders($this->bearerToken))
+        ->postJson('/api/v1/databases/postgresql', [
+            'project_uuid' => $this->project->uuid,
+            'environment_uuid' => $this->environment->uuid,
+            'server_uuid' => $this->server->uuid,
+            'instant_deploy' => false,
+        ])
+        ->assertUnprocessable()
+        ->assertInvalid(['server_uuid']);
+});
+
+test('service API rejects build servers', function () {
+    $this->server->settings()->update(['is_build_server' => true]);
+
+    $this->withHeaders(resourceHostingApiHeaders($this->bearerToken))
+        ->postJson('/api/v1/services', [
+            'project_uuid' => $this->project->uuid,
+            'environment_uuid' => $this->environment->uuid,
+            'server_uuid' => $this->server->uuid,
+            'docker_compose_raw' => base64_encode("services:\n  app:\n    image: nginx:latest"),
+            'instant_deploy' => false,
+        ])
+        ->assertUnprocessable()
+        ->assertInvalid(['server_uuid']);
+});
+
+test('server API rejects enabling build mode when resources exist', function () {
+    createResourceHostingTestApplication($this);
+    $originalName = $this->server->name;
+
+    $this->withHeaders(resourceHostingApiHeaders($this->bearerToken))
+        ->patchJson('/api/v1/servers/'.$this->server->uuid, [
+            'is_build_server' => true,
+            'name' => 'should-not-be-saved',
+        ])
+        ->assertUnprocessable()
+        ->assertInvalid(['is_build_server']);
+
+    expect((bool) $this->server->settings->fresh()->is_build_server)->toBeFalse()
+        ->and($this->server->fresh()->name)->toBe($originalName);
+});
+
+test('server API allows keeping build mode enabled when resources exist', function () {
+    createResourceHostingTestApplication($this);
+    $this->server->settings()->update(['is_build_server' => true]);
+
+    $this->withHeaders(resourceHostingApiHeaders($this->bearerToken))
+        ->patchJson('/api/v1/servers/'.$this->server->uuid, [
+            'is_build_server' => true,
+        ])
+        ->assertCreated();
+
+    expect((bool) $this->server->settings->fresh()->is_build_server)->toBeTrue();
+});
+
+test('server API allows disabling build mode when resources exist', function () {
+    createResourceHostingTestApplication($this);
+    $this->server->settings()->update(['is_build_server' => true]);
+
+    $this->withHeaders(resourceHostingApiHeaders($this->bearerToken))
+        ->patchJson('/api/v1/servers/'.$this->server->uuid, [
+            'is_build_server' => false,
+            'name' => 'Deployment Server',
+        ])
+        ->assertCreated();
+
+    expect((bool) $this->server->settings->fresh()->is_build_server)->toBeFalse()
+        ->and($this->server->fresh()->name)->toBe('Deployment Server');
+});
+
+test('resource APIs still accept deployment servers', function () {
+    $headers = resourceHostingApiHeaders($this->bearerToken);
+
+    $this->withHeaders($headers)
+        ->postJson('/api/v1/applications/dockerimage', [
+            'project_uuid' => $this->project->uuid,
+            'environment_uuid' => $this->environment->uuid,
+            'server_uuid' => $this->server->uuid,
+            'docker_registry_image_name' => 'nginx',
+            'docker_registry_image_tag' => 'latest',
+            'ports_exposes' => '80',
+            'instant_deploy' => false,
+        ])
+        ->assertCreated();
+
+    $this->withHeaders($headers)
+        ->postJson('/api/v1/databases/postgresql', [
+            'project_uuid' => $this->project->uuid,
+            'environment_uuid' => $this->environment->uuid,
+            'server_uuid' => $this->server->uuid,
+            'instant_deploy' => false,
+        ])
+        ->assertCreated();
+
+    $this->withHeaders($headers)
+        ->postJson('/api/v1/services', [
+            'project_uuid' => $this->project->uuid,
+            'environment_uuid' => $this->environment->uuid,
+            'server_uuid' => $this->server->uuid,
+            'docker_compose_raw' => base64_encode("services:\n  app:\n    image: nginx:latest"),
+            'instant_deploy' => false,
+        ])
+        ->assertCreated();
+});
+
+test('a crafted web request cannot create a resource on a build server', function () {
+    $this->actingAs($this->user);
+    $this->server->settings()->update(['is_build_server' => true]);
+
+    $url = route('project.resource.create', [
+        'project_uuid' => $this->project->uuid,
+        'environment_uuid' => $this->environment->uuid,
+    ]).'?type=postgresql&destination='.$this->destination->uuid.'&server_id='.$this->server->id.'&database_image=postgres:16-alpine';
+
+    $this->get($url)->assertRedirectToRoute('dashboard');
+
+    expect(StandalonePostgresql::count())->toBe(0);
+});
+
+test('a manipulated resource form cannot submit to a build server', function () {
+    $this->actingAs($this->user);
+    $this->server->settings()->update(['is_build_server' => true]);
+    $routeParameters = [
+        'project_uuid' => $this->project->uuid,
+        'environment_uuid' => $this->environment->uuid,
+    ];
+
+    expect(fn () => Livewire::withUrlParams(['destination' => $this->destination->uuid])
+        ->test(SimpleDockerfile::class, $routeParameters)
+        ->set('dockerfile', "FROM nginx\nCMD [\"nginx\"]\n")
+        ->call('submit'))
+        ->toThrow(Exception::class, 'Destination not found.');
+
+    expect(Application::count())->toBe(0);
+});
+
+test('a manipulated project clone cannot target a build server', function () {
+    $this->actingAs($this->user);
+    $this->server->settings()->update(['is_build_server' => true]);
+    $projectCount = Project::count();
+
+    Livewire::test(CloneMe::class, [
+        'project_uuid' => $this->project->uuid,
+        'environment_uuid' => $this->environment->uuid,
+    ])
+        ->set('selectedDestination', $this->destination->uuid)
+        ->set('newName', 'blocked-clone')
+        ->call('clone', 'project');
+
+    expect(Project::count())->toBe($projectCount);
+});
+
+test('project clone resolves overlapping destination ids by uuid', function () {
+    $this->actingAs($this->user);
+    createResourceHostingTestApplication($this);
+    $swarmDestination = SwarmDocker::create([
+        'server_id' => $this->server->id,
+        'name' => 'Swarm destination',
+        'network' => 'swarm-network',
+    ]);
+
+    expect($swarmDestination->id)->toBe($this->destination->id);
+
+    Livewire::test(CloneMe::class, [
+        'project_uuid' => $this->project->uuid,
+        'environment_uuid' => $this->environment->uuid,
+    ])
+        ->set('selectedDestination', $swarmDestination->uuid)
+        ->set('newName', 'swarm-clone')
+        ->call('clone', 'project')
+        ->assertNotDispatched('error');
+
+    $clonedApplication = Project::where('name', 'swarm-clone')
+        ->firstOrFail()
+        ->environments()
+        ->where('name', $this->environment->name)
+        ->firstOrFail()
+        ->applications()
+        ->firstOrFail();
+
+    expect($clonedApplication->destination_id)->toBe($swarmDestination->id)
+        ->and($clonedApplication->destination_type)->toBe(SwarmDocker::class)
+        ->and($clonedApplication->destination->is($swarmDestination))->toBeTrue();
+});
+
+test('project clone assigns services to the selected server', function () {
+    $this->actingAs($this->user);
+    Service::factory()->create([
+        'environment_id' => $this->environment->id,
+        'server_id' => $this->server->id,
+        'destination_id' => $this->destination->id,
+        'destination_type' => $this->destination->getMorphClass(),
+    ]);
+    $targetServer = Server::factory()->create(['team_id' => $this->team->id]);
+    $targetServer->settings()->update(['is_build_server' => false]);
+    $targetDestination = StandaloneDocker::where('server_id', $targetServer->id)->firstOrFail();
+
+    Livewire::test(CloneMe::class, [
+        'project_uuid' => $this->project->uuid,
+        'environment_uuid' => $this->environment->uuid,
+    ])
+        ->set('selectedDestination', $targetDestination->uuid)
+        ->set('newName', 'service-clone')
+        ->call('clone', 'project')
+        ->assertNotDispatched('error');
+
+    $clonedService = Project::where('name', 'service-clone')
+        ->firstOrFail()
+        ->environments()
+        ->where('name', $this->environment->name)
+        ->firstOrFail()
+        ->services()
+        ->firstOrFail();
+
+    expect($clonedService->server_id)->toBe($targetServer->id)
+        ->and($clonedService->destination_id)->toBe($targetDestination->id)
+        ->and($targetServer->fresh()->isEmpty())->toBeFalse();
+});
+
+test('a manipulated clone request cannot target a build server', function () {
+    $this->actingAs($this->user);
+    $source = createResourceHostingTestApplication($this);
+    $buildServer = Server::factory()->create(['team_id' => $this->team->id]);
+    $buildServer->settings()->update([
+        'is_reachable' => true,
+        'is_usable' => true,
+        'is_build_server' => true,
+    ]);
+    $buildDestination = StandaloneDocker::where('server_id', $buildServer->id)->firstOrFail();
+
+    Livewire::test(ResourceOperations::class, ['resource' => $source])
+        ->call('cloneTo', $buildDestination->uuid)
+        ->assertHasErrors(['destination_id']);
+
+    expect(Application::count())->toBe(1);
+});
+
+test('resource clone resolves overlapping destination ids by uuid', function () {
+    $this->actingAs($this->user);
+    $source = createResourceHostingTestApplication($this);
+    $swarmDestination = SwarmDocker::create([
+        'server_id' => $this->server->id,
+        'name' => 'Swarm clone target',
+        'network' => 'swarm-clone-target',
+    ]);
+
+    expect($swarmDestination->id)->toBe($this->destination->id);
+
+    Livewire::test(ResourceOperations::class, ['resource' => $source])
+        ->call('cloneTo', $swarmDestination->uuid);
+
+    $clone = Application::whereKeyNot($source->id)->firstOrFail();
+
+    expect($clone->destination_id)->toBe($swarmDestination->id)
+        ->and($clone->destination_type)->toBe(SwarmDocker::class)
+        ->and($clone->destination->is($swarmDestination))->toBeTrue();
+});
+
+test('resource operations explains why build servers cannot be clone targets', function () {
+    $this->actingAs($this->user);
+    $source = createResourceHostingTestApplication($this);
+    $buildServer = Server::factory()->create(['team_id' => $this->team->id, 'name' => 'Dedicated Builder']);
+    $buildServer->settings()->update([
+        'is_reachable' => true,
+        'is_usable' => true,
+        'is_build_server' => true,
+    ]);
+
+    Livewire::test(ResourceOperations::class, ['resource' => $source])
+        ->assertSet('buildServers', fn ($servers) => $servers->contains('id', $buildServer->id))
+        ->assertSee('Dedicated Builder')
+        ->assertSee('Build server — cannot host resources');
+});