fix(backup): validate MongoDB collection names in backup input (#9168)

app/Http/Controllers/Api/DatabasesController.php

@@ -792,6 +792,18 @@ public function create_backup(Request $request)
             }
         }
 
+        // Validate databases_to_backup input
+        if (! empty($backupData['databases_to_backup'])) {
+            try {
+                validateDatabasesBackupInput($backupData['databases_to_backup']);
+            } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                return response()->json([
+                    'message' => 'Validation failed.',
+                    'errors' => ['databases_to_backup' => [$e->getMessage()]],
+                ], 422);
+            }
+        }
+
         // Add required fields
         $backupData['database_id'] = $database->id;
         $backupData['database_type'] = $database->getMorphClass();
@@ -997,6 +1009,18 @@ public function update_backup(Request $request)
             unset($backupData['s3_storage_uuid']);
         }
 
+        // Validate databases_to_backup input
+        if (! empty($backupData['databases_to_backup'])) {
+            try {
+                validateDatabasesBackupInput($backupData['databases_to_backup']);
+            } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                return response()->json([
+                    'message' => 'Validation failed.',
+                    'errors' => ['databases_to_backup' => [$e->getMessage()]],
+                ], 422);
+            }
+        }
+
         $backupConfig->update($backupData);
 
         if ($request->backup_now) {

app/Jobs/DatabaseBackupJob.php

@@ -524,10 +524,18 @@ private function backup_standalone_mongodb(string $databaseWithCollections): voi
                         $commands[] = "docker exec $this->container_name mongodump --authenticationDatabase=admin --uri=\"$url\" --db $escapedDatabaseName --gzip --archive > $this->backup_location";
                     }
                 } else {
+                    // Validate and escape each collection name
+                    $escapedCollections = $collectionsToExclude->map(function ($collection) {
+                        $collection = trim($collection);
+                        validateShellSafePath($collection, 'collection name');
+
+                        return escapeshellarg($collection);
+                    });
+
                     if (str($this->database->image)->startsWith('mongo:4')) {
-                        $commands[] = "docker exec $this->container_name mongodump --uri=$url --gzip --excludeCollection ".$collectionsToExclude->implode(' --excludeCollection ')." --archive > $this->backup_location";
+                        $commands[] = "docker exec $this->container_name mongodump --uri=$url --gzip --excludeCollection ".$escapedCollections->implode(' --excludeCollection ')." --archive > $this->backup_location";
                     } else {
-                        $commands[] = "docker exec $this->container_name mongodump --authenticationDatabase=admin --uri=\"$url\" --db $escapedDatabaseName --gzip --excludeCollection ".$collectionsToExclude->implode(' --excludeCollection ')." --archive > $this->backup_location";
+                        $commands[] = "docker exec $this->container_name mongodump --authenticationDatabase=admin --uri=\"$url\" --db $escapedDatabaseName --gzip --excludeCollection ".$escapedCollections->implode(' --excludeCollection ')." --archive > $this->backup_location";
                     }
                 }
             }

app/Livewire/Project/Database/BackupEdit.php

@@ -105,21 +105,9 @@ public function syncData(bool $toModel = false)
             $this->backup->s3_storage_id = $this->s3StorageId;
 
             // Validate databases_to_backup to prevent command injection
+            // Handles all formats including MongoDB's "db:col1,col2|db2:col3"
             if (filled($this->databasesToBackup)) {
-                $databases = str($this->databasesToBackup)->explode(',');
-                foreach ($databases as $index => $db) {
-                    $dbName = trim($db);
-                    try {
-                        validateShellSafePath($dbName, 'database name');
-                    } catch (\Exception $e) {
-                        // Provide specific error message indicating which database failed validation
-                        $position = $index + 1;
-                        throw new \Exception(
-                            "Database #{$position} ('{$dbName}') validation failed: ".
-                            $e->getMessage()
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
+                validateDatabasesBackupInput($this->databasesToBackup);
             }
 
             $this->backup->databases_to_backup = $this->databasesToBackup;

bootstrap/helpers/shared.php

@@ -148,6 +148,59 @@ function validateShellSafePath(string $input, string $context = 'path'): string
     return $input;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Validate that a databases_to_backup input string is safe from command injection.
+ *
+ * Supports all database formats:
+ * - PostgreSQL/MySQL/MariaDB: "db1,db2,db3"
+ * - MongoDB: "db1:col1,col2|db2:col3,col4"
+ *
+ * Validates each database name AND collection name individually against shell metacharacters.
+ *
+ * @param  string  $input  The databases_to_backup string
+ * @return string The validated input
+ *
+ * @throws \Exception If any component contains dangerous characters
+ */
+function validateDatabasesBackupInput(string $input): string
+{
+    // Split by pipe (MongoDB multi-db separator)
+    $databaseEntries = explode('|', $input);
+
+    foreach ($databaseEntries as $entry) {
+        $entry = trim($entry);
+        if ($entry === '' || $entry === 'all' || $entry === '*') {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (str_contains($entry, ':')) {
+            // MongoDB format: dbname:collection1,collection2
+            $databaseName = str($entry)->before(':')->value();
+            $collections = str($entry)->after(':')->explode(',');
+
+            validateShellSafePath($databaseName, 'database name');
+
+            foreach ($collections as $collection) {
+                $collection = trim($collection);
+                if ($collection !== '') {
+                    validateShellSafePath($collection, 'collection name');
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Simple format: just a database name (may contain commas for non-Mongo)
+            $databases = explode(',', $entry);
+            foreach ($databases as $db) {
+                $db = trim($db);
+                if ($db !== '' && $db !== 'all' && $db !== '*') {
+                    validateShellSafePath($db, 'database name');
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $input;
+}
+
 /**
  * Validate that a string is a safe git ref (commit SHA, branch name, tag, or HEAD).
  *

tests/Unit/DatabaseBackupSecurityTest.php

@@ -81,3 +81,64 @@
     expect(fn () => validateShellSafePath('test123', 'database name'))
         ->not->toThrow(Exception::class);
 });
+
+// --- MongoDB collection name validation tests ---
+
+test('mongodb collection name rejects command substitution injection', function () {
+    expect(fn () => validateShellSafePath('$(touch /tmp/pwned)', 'collection name'))
+        ->toThrow(Exception::class);
+});
+
+test('mongodb collection name rejects backtick injection', function () {
+    expect(fn () => validateShellSafePath('`id > /tmp/pwned`', 'collection name'))
+        ->toThrow(Exception::class);
+});
+
+test('mongodb collection name rejects semicolon injection', function () {
+    expect(fn () => validateShellSafePath('col1; rm -rf /', 'collection name'))
+        ->toThrow(Exception::class);
+});
+
+test('mongodb collection name rejects ampersand injection', function () {
+    expect(fn () => validateShellSafePath('col1 & whoami', 'collection name'))
+        ->toThrow(Exception::class);
+});
+
+test('mongodb collection name rejects redirect injection', function () {
+    expect(fn () => validateShellSafePath('col1 > /tmp/pwned', 'collection name'))
+        ->toThrow(Exception::class);
+});
+
+test('validateDatabasesBackupInput validates mongodb format with collection names', function () {
+    // Valid MongoDB formats should pass
+    expect(fn () => validateDatabasesBackupInput('mydb'))
+        ->not->toThrow(Exception::class);
+
+    expect(fn () => validateDatabasesBackupInput('mydb:col1,col2'))
+        ->not->toThrow(Exception::class);
+
+    expect(fn () => validateDatabasesBackupInput('db1:col1,col2|db2:col3'))
+        ->not->toThrow(Exception::class);
+
+    expect(fn () => validateDatabasesBackupInput('all'))
+        ->not->toThrow(Exception::class);
+});
+
+test('validateDatabasesBackupInput rejects injection in collection names', function () {
+    // Command substitution in collection name
+    expect(fn () => validateDatabasesBackupInput('mydb:$(touch /tmp/pwned)'))
+        ->toThrow(Exception::class);
+
+    // Backtick injection in collection name
+    expect(fn () => validateDatabasesBackupInput('mydb:`id`'))
+        ->toThrow(Exception::class);
+
+    // Semicolon in collection name
+    expect(fn () => validateDatabasesBackupInput('mydb:col1;rm -rf /'))
+        ->toThrow(Exception::class);
+});
+
+test('validateDatabasesBackupInput rejects injection in database name within mongo format', function () {
+    expect(fn () => validateDatabasesBackupInput('$(whoami):col1,col2'))
+        ->toThrow(Exception::class);
+});