diff --git a/app/Models/Team.php b/app/Models/Team.php
index 81638e31c..1b700404d 100644
--- a/app/Models/Team.php
+++ b/app/Models/Team.php
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 use App\Traits\HasNotificationSettings;
 use App\Traits\HasSafeStringAttribute;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\Attribute;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
 use OpenApi\Attributes as OA;
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@
 
 class Team extends Model implements SendsDiscord, SendsEmail, SendsPushover, SendsSlack
 {
-    use HasNotificationSettings, HasSafeStringAttribute, Notifiable;
+    use HasFactory, HasNotificationSettings, HasSafeStringAttribute, Notifiable;
 
     protected $guarded = [];
 
diff --git a/app/Models/TeamInvitation.php b/app/Models/TeamInvitation.php
index 0fea1806b..92107c48c 100644
--- a/app/Models/TeamInvitation.php
+++ b/app/Models/TeamInvitation.php
@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@ class TeamInvitation extends Model
         'via',
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * Set the email attribute to lowercase.
+     */
+    public function setEmailAttribute($value)
+    {
+        $this->attributes['email'] = strtolower($value);
+    }
+
     public function team()
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Team::class);
diff --git a/database/factories/TeamFactory.php b/database/factories/TeamFactory.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e95842b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/factories/TeamFactory.php
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Database\Factories;
+
+use App\Models\Team;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
+
+/**
+ * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\Team>
+ */
+class TeamFactory extends Factory
+{
+    protected $model = Team::class;
+
+    /**
+     * Define the model's default state.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    public function definition(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'name' => $this->faker->company() . ' Team',
+            'description' => $this->faker->sentence(),
+            'personal_team' => false,
+            'show_boarding' => false,
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the team is a personal team.
+     */
+    public function personal(): static
+    {
+        return $this->state(fn (array $attributes) => [
+            'personal_team' => true,
+            'name' => $this->faker->firstName() . "'s Team",
+        ]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Feature/TeamInvitationEmailNormalizationTest.php b/tests/Feature/TeamInvitationEmailNormalizationTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7ad9134b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/TeamInvitationEmailNormalizationTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use App\Models\Team;
+use App\Models\TeamInvitation;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class TeamInvitationEmailNormalizationTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use RefreshDatabase;
+
+    public function test_team_invitation_normalizes_email_to_lowercase()
+    {
+        // Create a team
+        $team = Team::factory()->create();
+
+        // Create invitation with mixed case email
+        $invitation = TeamInvitation::create([
+            'team_id' => $team->id,
+            'uuid' => 'test-uuid-123',
+            'email' => 'Test@Example.com', // Mixed case
+            'role' => 'member',
+            'link' => 'https://example.com/invite/test-uuid-123',
+            'via' => 'link'
+        ]);
+
+        // Verify email was normalized to lowercase
+        $this->assertEquals('test@example.com', $invitation->email);
+    }
+
+    public function test_team_invitation_works_with_existing_user_email()
+    {
+        // Create a team
+        $team = Team::factory()->create();
+
+        // Create a user with lowercase email
+        $user = User::factory()->create([
+            'email' => 'test@example.com',
+            'name' => 'Test User'
+        ]);
+
+        // Create invitation with mixed case email
+        $invitation = TeamInvitation::create([
+            'team_id' => $team->id,
+            'uuid' => 'test-uuid-123',
+            'email' => 'Test@Example.com', // Mixed case
+            'role' => 'member',
+            'link' => 'https://example.com/invite/test-uuid-123',
+            'via' => 'link'
+        ]);
+
+        // Verify the invitation email matches the user email (both normalized)
+        $this->assertEquals($user->email, $invitation->email);
+
+        // Verify user lookup works
+        $foundUser = User::whereEmail($invitation->email)->first();
+        $this->assertNotNull($foundUser);
+        $this->assertEquals($user->id, $foundUser->id);
+    }
+}